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#EEG COST SERIES#

Each specific device has its own capabilities, tradeoffs, and limitations. However, even basic features, such as the power spectra of EEG bands, were able to consistently detect drowsiness. Different methods for accuracy calculation, system calibration, and different definitions of drowsiness made direct comparisons problematic. In many cases, algorithmic optimization remains necessary. The second lowest accuracy reported was 79.4% with an OpenBCI study. The lowest of these was the Neurosky Mindwave, with a minimum of 31%. Of 46 relevant studies, ~27 reported an accuracy score. We included documented cases describing successful drowsiness detection using consumer EEG-based devices, including the Neurosky MindWave, InteraXon Muse, Emotiv Epoc, Emotiv Insight, and OpenBCI.

We sought to determine whether consumer EEG headsets could be reliably utilized as rudimentary drowsiness detection systems. We conducted a systemic review of currently available, low-cost, consumer EEG-based drowsiness detection systems. The use of these devices as drowsiness detectors could increase the accessibility of safety and productivity-enhancing devices for small businesses and developing countries. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals can reflect awareness and attentiveness, and low-cost consumer EEG headsets are available on the market.

Ocean Systems Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju City, South Koreaĭrowsiness is a leading cause of traffic and industrial accidents, costing lives and productivity.

Our data does not show a net benefit in selective shunting unless the patient has sustained a stroke prior to surgery.John LaRocco †, Minh Dong Le † and Dong-Guk Paeng * The decision to shunt, however, when there is electrical dysfunction after carotid clamping should be based not only on the EEG but also on the clinical signs and computed tomography (CT) scan. Since the need for protection is unpredictable by angiographic or clinical criteria, the benefit of EEG monitoring may be in reducing the incidence of shunting in those patients whose tracing remains normal after clamping. However, the use of shunts may introduce a risk of stroke due to technical error that is equal or greater than the risk of stroke due to hemodynamic ischemia.

#EEG COST SERIES#

Our series does not clearly establish the advantages of EEG monitoring, which is expensive (+375/patient) and may not detect ischemia in all areas of the brain. The EEG did not change in three patients who had lacunar infarcts prior to surgery and who awoke with a worsened deficit. Patients who suffered strokes prior to surgery were more at risk to develop a perioperative stroke (three per cent) than those not suffering prior strokes (0.3%). Technical problems were more common when shunts were used (five per cent) than when they were not (0.9%). Nine of the 15 were associated with a technical problem of either thrombosis of the internal carotid artery (five) or emboli (four). Fifteen patients suffered perioperative strokes (2.6%).

Patients with contralateral carotid occlusion exhibited EEG changes in 37% (28/76) of operations. The frequency of EEG changes, as related to cerebral vascular symptoms, was as follows: transient ischemic attacks, seven per cent (19/259) completed strokes, 37% (36/98) vertebral basilar insufficiency, 24% (32/135) asymptomatic, 21% (15/71). EEG changes occurred in 102 patients (18%). A 5-year experience with 562 carotid endarterectomies, using electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring and selective shunting, was reviewed.